Appendix 3: Reserve statistics

Robert Pringle and Joasia E. Popowicz

Table 1: Central bank reserve holdings by country, 2014–23

Table 2: Top 100 central bank reserve holdings by value, 2014–23

Figure 1: Currency composition of global foreign exchange reserves, 2023

Central bank reserve holdings in Table 1 and Table 2 were calculated by adding the International Monetary Fund’s Total reserves excluding gold and Gold holdings at national valuation datasets.

All reserve statistics use data that was available for 2023, in April 2024.

Source: IMF International financial statistics and Currency composition of official foreign exchange reserves (Cofer) databases.

Figure 1

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